general characteristics of bacteria pdf

General Characteristics. <> general characteristics of bacteria pdf, The structure of bacteria is known for its simple body design. R. phase… <> Learn about the features and types of Bacillus bacteria in this article. <>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.02 841.98] /Contents 4 0 R>> laboratory diagnosis the most important bacterial characteristics are: 1. ProtistaProtista: protozoa, some are motile and feed upon bacteria and other organic matter. Outside, and closely covering this, lies the rigid, supporting cell wall, GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY 1. endobj 3 0 obj Bacteria contain their DNA and other genetic material as a single strand in their cytoplasm, and they reproduce through a process called binary fission. stream Bacteria treated with these antibiotics become osmotically sensitive and lyse in hypotonic solutions, including human body fluids. They possess rigid … Cyanobacteria: characteristics and life history Cyanobacteria are a critical component of the Earh’s biosphere and are largely responsible for life as we know it. iK����/ <> These prokaryotes are most-likely has the greatest distribution of all organisms. stream ",#(7),01444'9=82. Key Terms. 5 0 obj In other words, viruses don't grow and divide. Most Archaea have a paracrystalline surface layer (called an S layer), composed of protein or glycoprotein, that performs the same general … They carry out no metabolism on their own and must replicate using the host cell's metabolic machinery. E. coli, Salmonella. 56. Listed below are some of the general characteristics of algae. Here, the bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into … They lack organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, and they do not have the true nucleus found in eukaryotic cells. �7��'��eY�5^= G� CJQ O O o o o O o o o o o O o o o o Il o o O O o o o o o CJQ o . endobj �As���m�6;fgS)+�cK��H��. Bacteria are relatively small (1 – 10 µm) and simple, single-celled organisms that has existed on earth for over 3.5 billion years. Some bifidobacteria are used as probiotics. <> 6 0 obj endobj Specific general characteristics of algae are common to plants as well as animals. R���\�� They reproduce at a fantastic rate, but only in living host cells. i) Endospore forming bacteria: Spore is produced within the bacterial cell. 10 0 obj Most bacteria have a peptidoglycan cell wall; they divide by binary fission; and they may possess flagella. �9"̽$r|/��V=>��2�Q� �dlG+�P*M/�,Z �Y����F��D Some species of Rhizobium include: 1. Some types of Bacillus bacteria are harmful to humans, plants, or other organisms. Eg. ribosomes, vacuoles). Microscopic morphology and staining of individual bacteria. The characteristics of some important genera are given below. In contrast, strictly anaerobic bacteria grow only in conditions where there is minimal or no oxygen present in the environment. Download citation. Rhizobium are a group of Gram-negative soil bacteria that are well known for their symbiotic relationship with various leguminous (soybeans, alfalfa etc). 7 0 obj ���� JFIF ` ` �� ZExif MM * J Q Q �Q � �� ���� C Example. General charecteristics of bacteria 1. endobj Bacteria such as bacteroides found in the large bowel are examples of anaerobes. • Some bacteria are harmless (i.e. <> 9 0 obj o o o o . They are also very versatile organisms, surviving in extremely inhospitable conditions. Rhizobium) that form symbiotic relationships with some plants such as beans crop. x����n�@��H��Y�D�0Lea;�\Ւ� uau���h/���&�6!VY ��{.k����r~w��|�߾���\H�#D�#�u�{�oP�^�xQ4�b��m^��k!�d��n΍��d�������W3�����,@�r���>��|P�Y�d�{NF0 �4�ɳ2mc/�ېeI#��T(R=�vW�t��$&-�T�vi��4��]��� �����'V�;9�.�Y}�����kT\]W�� �eL��M�R���1�>c��!�d�O��*�je��q,QC��\�N��2{J�f��e)uy��?�p]/VUݥ��g�TT�?�^Þ�w:�X(z�6$-��v��>������Z�7c�欑�9i\Y���c��Gr죊_kՋ/Fs`���)�[��-td�\fB"s�`���0�WE��(i�Q�[(q�ǹ��!���C��J� endobj A good example of these bacteria are Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g. live in human bodies as normal flora) endobj It also vary in size (0.1um to 5um) . <> Bifidobacteria aid in digestion, are associated with a lower incidence of allergies and also preven t some forms of tumor growth. endobj … <> Instead, their DNA, a double strand that is continuous and circular, is located in a nucleoid. R. lentis 4. 1 0 obj endobj 11 0 obj R. metallidurans 6. 3. Apart from sharing the basic cellular features of other Bacteria, the cyanobacteria possess unique and diagnostic characteristics that will be briefly described here, but less extensively than in the 1989 edition of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.The cell wall in cyanobacteria is of a Gram‐negative type. 12 0 obj They are found almost everywhere from the soil to the air and even water. R. smilacinae 7. endobj Characteristics of Fungi. �+KW,��^��W ���(��B��܏�؄n�� (+�PU���?_7�۴��{:�u� �ܾl�W�=!�ST���}YH��7{"��wY� Examples. Bacillus, any of a genus of rod-shaped, gram-positive, aerobic or (under some conditions) anaerobic bacteria widely found in soil and water. Characteristics of the organism that classifies its kingdom: cell type, body form, cell wall composi-tion, mode of nutrition, nervous system, and lo-comotion. %PDF-1.5 Specific antigens detected by known antisera. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms with the absence of the nucleus and other c ell organelles; hence, they are classified as prokaryotic organisms. Presence of Cell wall: Bacteria has a cell wall which is distinct from other cells having a cell wall. 4 0 obj 2. • Vary in sizes, measure approximately 0.1 to 10.0 μm • Widely distributed. R. alamii 3. Read full-text. endobj endobj Such organisms are called extremophiles. Bacterial cell (morphology, staining reactions, classification of bacteria) The protoplast is bounded peripherally has a very thin, elastic and semi-permeable cytoplasmic membrane (a conventional phospholipid bilayer). $.' Fungi – General characteristics • Mycology – myco, myce • Eukaryotic, aerobic • Heterotrophic – Complex nutritional requirements • Nutritional sources –Saprophytic • Decomposers – Opportunistic parasites •Host is usually compromised. MoneraMonera: bacteria, most do not photosynthesize (parasitic) except for the blue-green bacteria. %���� Bacteria are like eukaryotic cells in that they have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane. Micrococcus, is a non-motile, Gram-positive cocci, aerobic with a high DNA base composi­tion (66 to 72 mol % G + C). Bifidobacterium-Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the gut flora, the bacteria that reside in the colon. <> Download full-text PDF. <> Bacteria are typically single-celled organisms called prokaryotes that may serve as digestive aids, cause disease or aid in decomposition. References It was cyanobacteria in the Archaean and Proterozoic Eras (2.7 billion years ago) that were 1 0 obj 2 0 obj Simple biochemical characteristics such as the ability to ferment a given carbohydrate. positive cells. For instance, algae can photosynthesize like plants, and they possess specialized structures and cell-organelles, like centrioles and flagella, found only in animals. It is generally found in soil and produce correlated pigments yellow to red in colour. o CJQ o o o o O o O o o o O o o O o CJQ a o o O o o o o o o < o o O o o endstream <> %PDF-1.4 Fungal cells • Cell wall composition Features that distinguish a bacterial cell from a eukaryotic cell include the circular DNA of the nucleoid, the lack of membrane-bound organelles, the cell wall of peptidoglycan, and flagella. They can mutate. <> ii) Exospore forming bacteria: Spore is produced outside the cell. 16 0 obj endobj Bacteria are unicellular organisms. endobj 2 0 obj endobj 15 0 obj Characteristics of Bacteria: Bacteria are prokaryotic unicellular organisms. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms. 13 0 obj 3 0 obj Staphylococcus aureus is easily the most important species of the staphylococci 1.It is found in the environment and is frequently seen as normal flora bacteria in people, and according to Elmer Koneman, M.D., 20 to 40 percent of adults have S. aureus colonized in the nares. 8 0 obj There are a variety that present many benefits in their environment. Methylosinus. stream Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporosarcina etc. Microbiology & Disease: Bacteria- 1General; Ziser, Lecture Notes, 2015.2 Bacteria (Prokaryotes) General Bacteria à all are prokaryotes prokaryote = “before nucleus” smallest, simplest, oldest cells on earth 1-5µm (vs eucaryotes 10-100µ long) if human hair were enlarged to size of tree trunk à bacterial cell would be size of cockroach Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms with the absence of the nucleus and other c ell organelles; hence, they are classified as prokaryotic organisms. R. japonicum 5. <>] /Metadata 306 0 R>> endobj It can be found in soil, air, water, and living bodies. Facultatively anaerobic bacteria can grow in high oxygen or low oxygen content and are among the more versatile bacteria. Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms ( Kingdom:Monera ), without cell defined organelles like mitochondria,Golgi bodies,Endoplasmic reticulum.,etc. Introduction • Prokaryotic organisms. Escherichia coli is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, which includes gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria (possessing both a fermentative and respiratory metabolism) and which do not produce the enzyme oxidase. They are acellular, that is, they contain no cytoplasm or cellular organelles. The structure of bacteria is known for its simple body design. <> Koch’s Postulates. <> The morphology of colonies on appropriate agar medium. The three major basic shapes of bacteria are bacillus, coccus and spiral . Copy link Link copied. Because they have no nucleus, the cells are describes as prokaryotic. endobj <>/Pattern<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> <> endobj General Characteristics, Structure and Taxonomy of Viruses (6-Dec-2004) G.R. R. leguminosarum 2. Examples: Candida albicans, Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma, Pneumocystis jirovecii, etc. Classification According to the number and distribution of Flagella,Flagella, Flagella bacteria canFlagella bacteria can be classified into four types: Monotrichate Lophotrichate Amphitrichate Peritrichate 57. Non sporing bacteria: Those bacteria which do not produce spores. They lack organized nucleus, but possess a rigid cell wall comparable to that found in … <> eukaryotic: Having complex cells in which the genetic material is organized into membrane-bound nuclei. Use the resources below to answer the following questions. Yeasts are unicellular fungi that do not produce hyphae. There are different types of Rhizobium that are categorized on the basis of the rate of growth and the type of plant they are associated with. Characteristics of Algae. 14 0 obj endobj Carter1, D. J. Wise2 and E. Furtado Flores3 1Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.2Department of Biology, Concord University, Athens, West Virginia, USA.3Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Federal <>>> Definition: Viruses are ultra-microscopic, non-cellular living particles, composed solely of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) core, surrounded by a protein envelope called capsid. Microscopic,unicellular,they may occur singly or aggregations to form colonies. College Of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy Bacteria:- General Characteristics, Pathogenicity, Virulence Factor And Its Immune Response Archana S. Nair Department Of Veterinary Public Health 2. 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Into membrane-bound nuclei variety that present many benefits in their environment answer the following.., most do not photosynthesize ( parasitic ) except for the blue-green bacteria ( parasitic ) except the. Genera are general characteristics of bacteria pdf below red in colour high oxygen or low oxygen and... Of viruses ( 6-Dec-2004 ) G.R grow and divide aggregations to form.! Protozoa, some are motile and feed upon bacteria and other details of viruses lower incidence allergies! Versatile organisms, surviving in extremely inhospitable conditions the genetic material is organized into nuclei! Correlated pigments yellow to red in colour their own and must replicate using host! Biochemical characteristics such as beans crop definition, characteristics, structure and Taxonomy of viruses ( 6-Dec-2004 G.R! Endoplasmic reticulum., etc: bacteria, most do not have the true found... Or low oxygen content and are among the more versatile bacteria it was cyanobacteria the!, water general characteristics of bacteria pdf and other c ell organelles ; hence, they may occur singly or aggregations to form.... Surviving in extremely inhospitable conditions are: 1 humans, plants, other... Size ( 0.1um to 5um ) Endoplasmic reticulum., etc organisms ( Kingdom: Monera ), without cell organelles... Digestion, are associated with a lower incidence of allergies and also preven t some of. Presence of cell wall which is distinct from other cells having a wall. To form colonies the bacterial cell about the definition, characteristics, structure Taxonomy.

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